Dam and method of building the same.



.1).- E. MORAN; J. W. DOTY 8; E. S. JARRBTT. DAM AND METHOD or BUILDING THE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED O01.16, 1908.

923,985. A v Patented June 8. 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

FIG.

f g INVENTORS:

WITNESSES;

D. E. MORAN, J. W. DOTY & E. S. JARRETT. DAM AND METHOD OF BUILDING THE SAME.

I APPLICATION FILED 00T.16, 1908. 923,985, Patented June 8', 1909.

a SHEETS-SHEET z.

anua INVENTORS:

D. E. MORAN, J. W. DOTY & B. S. JARRETT. DAM AND METHOD OF BUILDINGTHE SAME.

v APPLICATION FILED 0OT.16. 1908. 923,985.- Patented Jun s, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

I I INVENTORS: WITNESSES: %%ZQ 7 I other portion is of the" ordinary I which resists overturning or yie UNITED STATES PATEN OFFICE.

DANIEL E. MORAN OF MENDHAM, NEW JERSEY, AND JOHN W. DOTY AND EDWIN S. JARRETT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

DAM AND METHOD or BUILDING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 5, 1909.

Application filed October 16, 1908. Serial No; 458,007.

in Dams and Methods of Building the Same,

of which the following is a specification.

This invention provides certain improve-' ments relating to the building of dams and similar structures applicable to a great variety of conditions, although especially designed for sites providing an accessible rock foundation under only a part of the length ofthedam. v v

One feature of the improvement consists in the sinking of a series of piers, preferably by, the pneumatic method, and erecting the upper. part of the dam en the tops of said piers, so that the latter provide a solid founation for :the upper art of the dam.- k Another feature 0 improvement'consists insinking such piers in aihorizontal arch '(which may be fiat or of any suitable degree of curvature) and "the latera'lthrust of which may be taken either by the natural rock-"or by an artlficial lateral support, or partly by one andpartly by the other of these means. Another. point of improvement consistsin la ingout the dam so that one portion there 0 constitutesla horizontal arch, thatis to sayf a structure which receives the load and transmits the strainsto its ends on the well known principle of an arch, and sothat angravity pressure chiefly. by 'reason of its weight. This construction is especially useful Where the foundation-is partly easily accessiblerockvand .partlyearth throughwhich "ers have beensunk to get ane ually ood ounwdation; the arch portion 0 the am being arranged over. the piers," and the gravity p. flwi psportions being ar fi d upon me rock found ti I tral portion of the dam.

y e ding. to: the

Various other points of improvement are refierred to in detail hereinafter.

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention.

'- iFigure 1 is aplan of a dam; Fig. 2 is an elevation from the up-stream side Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are cross-sections on the lines 3-3,-

-4 and '5'-5 respectively; Fig. dis a .hori' zontal section approximately on the line 6 '6 of Fig. 2; :Fig. 7 is a cross-section of one of the piers of Fig. 6. a proximately on the line .7--77, and showing t e method of sinking; Fig. 8 is a plan of a different style of dam embodying the invention.

In :the site illustrated, both the .side portions of the bottom Aand B are of rock suitable. forthe direct'support of a: avity dam. At the penter, however, the roci disa pears and is replaced by earth, the to of w ch is shown approximately at 0. he central portion oi the dam. therefore presents difiiculties 'in the way of its support and in the washing out the earth. These difficulties are rovided against bysinking a series of, lers D (Fig. 6) which serve both to out o the flow of water under-the dam and also to sup port the body E, prefera- 1y of concrete, which constitutes the upper part of the cen- In order to resist the water ressu-re with :a minimumnqua'ntity of materia the piers are; referably arranged tof 'ac't as a horizontal .arc with its springing lines supportedagainst the rock at t e sides. The body which is supported upon the piers preferably also -'-f0llOWS the line of the piers upon which it is supported, andfiacts as a. horizontal arch with its sprin ing lines resting upon the two lateral bo fes F and G which constitute the wing which are preferably tangential to (the arch. These wings and G, especially in the rarrangement shown in Figs. land 2,rece1ve;a substantial lateral support from the atgthe sides A and B, so. that the entire dam-com rising the sections E, F and Grand the foun atijon piers D, will ac'tpinthe man-- ner of an arch. But the individual. sections F and Gare not designed to act as arches, but to resist the water pressures entirelby their weight. "They are ibuilt preferaby of icons s of the dam, and

danger of the water lflowing under. it and crete or other masonry laid directly upon the rock foundation.

The piers D are preferably sunk by the pneumatic method, being completed after sinking by filling up'the working chamber H and shaft J and being preferably arranged along a curved line and forming the voussoirs of an arch. The length of the piers and their widths will depend upon local conditions, the

contour of the rock, the head of water 860.,

and the rock A B will be cut to form a springing line for the arch as in F ig, 6, and will also be cut in vertical steps as is shown in Fig. 2, the layout of the piers being preferably arranged so as to cut as little rock as possible, only enough to secure a good joint.

straight'to the'end as in Fig. 8, and arranging the power house N alongside of it as shown, or in any other suitable location.

There is an advantage in having the dam only partly curved with one or more straight wings, in that the latter may be used to provide a straight spillway,'the water flowing over such a straight edge more quietly than over the curved edge. Where two wings are provided as shown with a power house adj acent to one of said wings F, the opposite wing G is preferablyused to form the spillway,so that water running over it shall fall as far away as possible from the power ,house. Figs. 1 and 2 show this feature of the construction with the spillway 0 over the section G (and with an auxrliary-spillway 0 where the section F adjacent to the power house is run along str'eamto a point beyond the ower house, as shown in Pig. 1).

T e toe P of the section E may extend be- ..yond the su porting piers D and may rest 'upon the cri Q filled with stone, "and may be tied by steel rods It to the-central portion of the body.' Reinforcing rods may be inserted wherever advisable to tie the several parts of the concrete together,;or'to,increase its tensile strength, supposingcon'crete to be used; or the principal parts of the dam may 1 be made ofvarious other materials instead of bodysupport ed on saidg' ijers and consticoncrete.

'What; we claim is *1. A dam includinga series of piers, and a I tutin'gthe'upper part offft feidani Thepiers or caissons D are sunk three or four feet 2. In the forming of a dam, the method which consists in sinking a series of piers and erecting on them a body constituting the upper part of the dam.

3. In the forming of a dam, the method which consists in sinking a series of piers by the pneumatic process and erecting on them a body constituting the upper part of the dam.

4. In the forming of a dam including a in sinking a series of piers insuch a horizontal arch.

5. In the forming of a dam including a horizontal arch, the method which consists in sinking a series of piers by the pneumatic process in such a horizontal arch.

6. A dam including a series of piers sunk in a horizontal arch, and a body supported on said iers and constituting the upper part of the am. 7. In the forming of a dam, the method which consists in sinking a series of piers in an arch and erecting on said piers a body constituting the upper part of the dam.

8. In the forming "of a dam, the method which consists-in sinking a series of piers by the pneumatic process in an arch and erect ing on said iers a body constituting the upper part 0 the dam. 9. A dam having a portion constituting a horizontal arch, and a gravity section taklng the thrust of the arch.

horizontal arch, and a pair of gravity sections taking the thrust at the two ends of said arch.

11. A dam having a center constituting a horizontal arch, and a pair of, gravitysections tangential to said arch.

12. A dam having a portion constituting a horizontal arch, and a substantially straight portion lower than the arch portion so as to form a substantially straight spillway.

13. A dam having a center constituting a horizontal arch, and a air of gravity sections tangential to said arcli, at least one of said tangential sections being lower than the'arch so as to form a substantially strai ht spillway, in combination with a powerfiiouse r t the side 0 posite said spillway.

. 14. A am having a center in the form of a'horizontalarch and comprising a series of piers in arch form, and an arched body supported thereon, anda pair of gravity sections taking thethrust'" at the two ends of the arch.

15. In" the formingof a dam, the sinkin of a series of piers in a horizontal arch an erecting on them a correspondingly arched body, and erecting gravity sections at the 10. Adam having a center constituting a horizontal arch, the method which'cons lsts 928,985 I v v 8 ends of said erched body to take the thrust signed our names in the resence of two subof the arch.,,, Y scribing witnesses.

16. A dam including a support D, and a. DANIEL E. MORAN. body E carried on sai su port and having JOHN W. DOTY.

5 a toe P projecting beyond t e support, and a, EDWIN S JARRETT.

supplementary support Q under the pro- Witnesses: jectmg toe P. r I M. C. MURPHY,

In Witness whereof, we have hereunto E. W. MARVIN. 

